The Anatomical Structure of the Uterus

Description

Centered in the female pelvis, the uterus (womb, metra, hystera) is presented with the fundus superiorly, the body tapering inferiorly into the cervix and continuing toward the vaginal canal. Along each lateral margin of the uterine body, the broad ligament attaches as a peritoneal fold extending laterally toward the pelvic sidewall, while the round ligament arises near the uterine horn (cornu) just inferior and anterior to the tubal opening and tracks anterolaterally. Medial to these attachments lies the endometrial cavity within the myometrium, and the serosal perimetrium forms the outer contour. Symmetry matters. Emphasis on the broad and round ligament insertions makes this view useful for understanding uterine version and flexion and the routes by which pelvic support fails. In uterine prolapse, attenuation of ligamentous and fascial support changes the axis of the uterine body and cervix, and round ligament plication (and related uterine suspension techniques) rely on recognizing its origin near the uterine cornu and its anterolateral course toward the inguinal canal. The broad ligament’s relationship to the uterine vessels and adnexa underpins safe dissection planes in hysterectomy and salpingectomy, even when the peritoneal folds appear deceptively simple. Use this illustration in gross anatomy and pelvic anatomy teaching to anchor terminology (fundus, body, cervix, cornu) and to clarify how peritoneal reflections form the broad ligament rather than acting as a true supportive band. It also suits OB-GYN surgical atlases, patient education on uterine position and prolapse, and exam prep diagrams where clean identification of ligament attachment points prevents persistent misconceptions. Anatomical accuracy verified by SciePro's Medical Advisory Board.