Xiphoid Process Of The Sternum, Anatomy

Description

Xiphoid process sits at the inferior end of the sternum (breastbone), continuous superiorly with the sternal body (gladiolus) at the xiphisternal joint and tapering inferiorly toward the epigastrium. Along its lateral margins, the distal slips of the costal cartilages approach the xiphoid region, framing the infrasternal angle between the right and left costal arches. An anterior thoracic perspective emphasizes the midline relationship of the xiphoid process to the linea alba and the proximal attachments of rectus abdominis, while its posterior surface relates to the central tendon of the diaphragm. Small but variable. Clinically, the xiphoid process is a palpable landmark that guides hand placement for chest compressions and helps orient procedures that use a subxiphoid approach, including pericardiocentesis and creation of a subxiphoid window for pericardial drainage. Its morphology changes with age, often transitioning from cartilage to ossified bone, and it can be bifid, curved anteriorly, or deviated laterally, variants that matter when interpreting chest radiographs, CT, or unexplained epigastric pain (xiphodynia). The fixed lighting and isolated skeletal context make the junction between the sternal body and xiphoid easy to read, so you can teach the xiphisternal level (classically around T9) without competing soft-tissue detail. Use this illustration in thoracic wall and surface anatomy teaching, osteology labs, and exam-prep materials that stress palpation landmarks of the anterior chest. It also fits surgical education content discussing CPR-related xiphoid fracture risk, sternal incisions, and subxiphoid access to the pericardium. Anatomical accuracy verified by SciePro's Medical Advisory Board.