Buccinator, Gross Anatomy

Description

Running deep to the risorius and zygomaticus muscles, the buccinator forms the muscular wall of the cheek, spanning from the maxillary and mandibular alveolar processes adjacent to the molar teeth toward the modiolus at the oral commissure. Anteriorly it blends with orbicularis oris, while posteriorly its fibers arise near the pterygomandibular raphe, placing it immediately anterior to the pterygomandibular space. The mandible, maxilla, and zygomatic arch appear in semi-transparent relation to the superficial muscles of facial expression, and the masseter is emphasized along the lateral ramus of the mandible, lateral to the buccinator’s plane. Clear landmarks. Clinically, this relationship between buccinator and masseter explains why cheek lacerations and intraoral incisions can threaten Stensen’s (parotid) duct as it crosses the masseter, turns medially at the anterior border, and pierces buccinator to open opposite the maxillary second molar. Surgeons and dentists also use the buccinator and its attachment near the pterygomandibular raphe as a corridor landmark during inferior alveolar nerve block, and as a reference when evaluating trismus from masseter spasm or infection spreading from mandibular molars into the buccal or masticator spaces. The fiber direction supports its function in bolus control and in resisting cheek inflation during blowing. Ideal for head and neck gross anatomy teaching, dental anatomy and local anesthesia modules, and maxillofacial surgery or ENT publications discussing parotid duct injury, buccal space infection, or facial expression mechanics. Anatomy department slide decks and board-style review content will also benefit from the layered bone-and-muscle presentation. Anatomical accuracy verified by SciePro's Medical Advisory Board.